Public Wholesale WSD 23
What EPA’s and Kansas’s records show in this utility’s water: nitrate, arsenic and other regulated chemicals, plus violations since 2016, with the certification that handles each result.
- Serves
- 1 people
- Connections
- 12
- Water source
- Surface water
- Based in
- Fredonia, KS
- County
- Wilson
- Owner
- Local government
- Hardness
- Varies by source
The ZIP code it serves
The short answer
Nothing in EPA’s and Kansas’s records for this utility is above a health goal. That covers nitrate, arsenic and other regulated chemicals, not everything. 4 health-based violations since 2016.
What was found
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM), haloacetic acids (HAA5), nitrate, fluoride, chromium (total) and arsenic: Kansas’s own results, samples taken from Jan. 20, 2020 to July 28, 2026, with EPA’s 2012 to 2019 file for earlier years.
Below EPA’s limits5
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)
Forms or is added in treatment
56.8ppb
Highest yearly average, 2020 to 2026
2026, one sample: 45 ppb
Averaged by year, the highest was 56.8 ppb, in 2020, below EPA’s legal limit of 80 ppb. Its highest single sample was 71 ppb. In 2026, the latest year on file, its one sample was 45 ppb. Earlier, from 2012 to 2019, EPA’s file shows a highest yearly average of 85 ppb, in 2015, and EPA recorded a violation in 2018.
What handles it
- NSF/ANSI 53 look for “Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Reduction”
- NSF/ANSI 58 look for “Trihalomethanes (TTHM) Reduction”
Haloacetic acids (HAA5)
Forms or is added in treatment
26ppb
Highest yearly average, 2020 to 2026
2026, one sample: 26 ppb
Averaged by year, the highest was 26 ppb, in 2025, below EPA’s legal limit of 60 ppb. Its highest single sample was 35 ppb. In 2026, the latest year on file, its one sample was 26 ppb. Earlier, from 2012 to 2019, EPA’s file shows a highest yearly average of 50 ppb, in 2014.
What handles it
No certification claim covers this compound yet.
Nitrate
Comes from the source
0.83ppm
Highest sample; found in 5 of 15
2026: not found
The highest sample, in 2023, was 0.83 ppm, below EPA’s legal limit of 10 ppm. In 2026, the latest year on file, it wasn’t found in any of its three samples. Earlier, from 2012 to 2019, EPA’s file shows a highest sample of 1.4 ppm, in 2013.
What handles it
- NSF/ANSI 58 look for “Nitrate/Nitrite Reduction”
- NSF/ANSI 53 look for “Nitrate/Nitrite (30 ppm challenge)”
Fluoride
Forms or is added in treatment
0.16ppm
Highest yearly average, 2020 to 2026
2026: not found
Averaged by year, the highest was 0.16 ppm, in 2020, below EPA’s legal limit of 4.0 ppm. In 2026, the latest year on file, it wasn’t found in its one sample. Earlier, from 2012 to 2019, EPA’s file shows a highest yearly average of 0.23 ppm, in 2012.
What handles it
- NSF/ANSI 58 look for “Fluoride Reduction”
- NSF/ANSI 53 look for “Fluoride”
Chromium (total)
Comes from the source
2.2ppb
Highest yearly average, 2020 to 2026
2026, one sample: 1.3 ppb
Averaged by year, the highest was 2.2 ppb, in 2020, below EPA’s legal limit of 100 ppb. In 2026, the latest year on file, its one sample was 1.3 ppb. Earlier, from 2012 to 2019, EPA’s file shows a highest yearly average of 4.2 ppb, in 2018.
What handles it
- NSF/ANSI 58 look for “Chromium (Hexavalent) Reduction”
- NSF/ANSI 53 look for “Chromium Reduction”
One compound tested and not foundBelow the reporting level in every sample. Not found is not the same as zero.
- Arsenic
Hardness
Moderately hard to very hard depending on the source, 73 to 220 mg/L (4.3 to 12.9 grains per gallon), across 2 sampling points, 2015 to 2026.
Hardness is calcium and magnesium. EPA sets no limit for it: it shows up as scale on fixtures and in water heaters, and as soap that won’t lather. USGS calls water above 60 mg/L moderately hard, above 120 hard and above 180 very hard.
Violations since 2016
| Contaminant or rule | Type | Period | Measured | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTHM | The running average was above the legal limit.EPA: Maximum Contaminant Level Violation, Average | Jan. 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018 | 0.082 MG/L | Resolved |
| Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule | Too many readings in a month showed cloudiness above the filtration standard.EPA: Monthly Turbidity Exceed (Enhanced SWTR) | Jan. 1, 2018 to Jan. 31, 2018 | — | Resolved |
| Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule | Too many readings in a month showed cloudiness above the filtration standard.EPA: Monthly Turbidity Exceed (Enhanced SWTR) | Jan. 1, 2017 to Jan. 31, 2017 | — | Resolved |
| Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule | Too many readings in a month showed cloudiness above the filtration standard.EPA: Monthly Turbidity Exceed (Enhanced SWTR) | Dec. 1, 2016 to Dec. 31, 2016 | — | Resolved |
| Health-based violations only. Resolved and archived mean the utility returned to compliance or the state closed the record. 3 monitoring or reporting violations not shown. | ||||
What this report can’t tell you
Everything else. Total trihalomethanes (TTHM), haloacetic acids (HAA5), nitrate, fluoride, chromium (total) and arsenic results here are Kansas’s own from 2020 on, with EPA’s national file for 2012 to 2019. Public Wholesale WSD 23’s own annual report, which it must send you every year, has the contaminants this page does not show.
Your own plumbing. Lead results are the 90th percentile across homes the utility samples. Your home’s service line, solder and fixtures decide yours. A certified lab test is the only way to know.
What it means for your health. This page reports what the records show and EPA’s limits and goals; it is not medical advice. If you are worried about a health effect, talk to a doctor or your local health department.
Anything after the latest data. SDWIS data is from 2026 Q3; UCMR 5 didn’t sample this utility; Kansas’s results run from Jan. 20, 2020 to July 28, 2026.
Testing your own tap
The lab Kansas certifies closest to the area Public Wholesale WSD 23 serves, in a straight line. Call first: certification is test by test, and not every lab takes samples from homeowners.
Meridian Analytical Laboratory - Wichita
Wichita, KS · about 64 miles
Certified for bacteria, nitrate, minerals and other inorganics, organic chemicals, disinfection byproducts
Sources
- EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data, file of Oct. 15, 2026
- EPA SDWA bulk download (SDWIS federal data), 2026 Q3
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Public Water Supply Section, results from Jan. 2, 2020 to Sept. 16, 2026, read Oct. 18, 2026
- EPA Six-Year Review 4 compliance monitoring data, 2012 to 2019, file of Feb. 5, 2024
- Certified labs: Kansas Department of Health and Environment, drinking water labs, as listed in TNI LAMS, read Oct. 13, 2026; distances from the Census 2020 ZIP code tabulation area gazetteer
- Hardness: Kansas Department of Health and Environment, Public Water Supply Section, results from Feb. 16, 2015 to Feb. 11, 2026, read Oct. 18, 2026
- Limits and goals: each contaminant’s page, with its EPA source.
- How this page is built: methodology.
PWSID KS2013322. Rebuilt from EPA data on Oct. 18, 2026.
Towns it serves
Also in Wilson County
- City of Neodesha2,246
- City of Fredonia2,111
- Wilson Co RWD 2194
- Wilson Co RWD 12123
- Wilson Co RWD 832
- Wilson Co RWD 630
What to do next
- Nothing here is above a health goalIn EPA’s and Kansas’s records for this utility. They don’t cover everything, which is why the next step matters.Every contaminant TapBuff tracks
- Get the utility’s own reportPublic Wholesale WSD 23 must send you a water quality report every year. It covers contaminants this page does not show.How to read it
- Test your own tap for leadYour service line, solder and fixtures decide the lead at your faucet, not the utility’s average.Lead in your water: what to do
- Decide if you want a filter at allA filter for taste or chlorine is a preference, not a need. The standards say what each kind can do.NSF/ANSI standards, decoded